Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtra I.7 (complete selected section; Sanskrit witness)
Read the English rendering below; its translator and review status are identified.
Reference: Original Sanskrit text; Original Sanskrit text with separately labeled English translation and general handbook reading guidance. Check the cited passage or chapter →
English translation of the original passage shown · provisional handbook rendering
English source: Handbook editorial translation — provisional; Direct English rendering of the identified original text; specialist review pending. Check the English source →
Provisional handbook translation from the identified original. It has not been independently reviewed by a Sanskrit specialist and is not attributed to a guru or scholar. Square brackets mark supplied context.
I.7.1. There are diverse customs of regions and villages; these should be recognized in marriage.
I.7.2. We shall describe what is common.
I.7.3. Having placed a stone behind the fire and a water pot to its northeast, and having made an offering while she is in ritual contact with him, he stands facing west before her seated facing east. Saying “I take your hand for good fortune,” he takes only her thumb if he desires only male children.
I.7.4. If he desires daughters, he takes only her fingers.
I.7.5. If he desires both, he takes her hand, including the thumb, up to the hairline of the hand.
I.7.6. Leading her three times clockwise around the fire and the water pot, he recites: “I am ama; you are sā. You are sā; I am ama. I am heaven; you are earth. I am the Sāman; you are the Ṛc. Let us marry here; let us bring forth offspring. Loving one another, radiant and of good mind, may we live a hundred autumns.”
I.7.7. After each circuit he has her step onto the stone: “Step onto this stone; be firm like a stone. Withstand those who attack; stand against those who oppose.”
I.7.8. After spreading a layer [of ghee] in the bride’s joined hands, her brother or someone acting in his place pours roasted grain into them twice.
I.7.9. For the descendants of Jamadagni, three times.
I.7.10. Ghee is poured over the offering.
I.7.11. And over the portion taken out.
I.7.12. This is the rule for taking a portion of an offering.
I.7.13. Without opening her joined hands, he offers through them as through a ladle: “The maiden has worshipped the god Aryaman through Agni. May the god Aryaman release her from here, not from there. Svāhā.” “The maiden has worshipped the god Varuṇa through Agni. May the god Varuṇa release her from here, not from there. Svāhā.” “The maiden has worshipped the god Pūṣan through Agni. May the god Pūṣan release her from here, not from there. Svāhā.”
I.7.14. Without another circuit, a fourth offering is made silently from the hollow of the winnowing basket, toward himself.
I.7.15. Some lead her around after each pouring of roasted grain; in that arrangement the last two offerings do not coincide.
I.7.16. Then he loosens her two hair tufts, if they have been made.
I.7.17. Two tufts of wool are tied at the sides of her hair. [He loosens one] with “I release you from Varuṇa’s bond.”
I.7.18. The upper [tuft is loosened] with the next verse.
I.7.19. Then he leads her seven steps toward the unconquered direction: “One step for nourishment; two for strength; three for the increase of wealth; four for well-being; five for offspring; six for the seasons. Become my friend with seven steps. Be devoted to me. May we obtain sons; may they be many and live to old age.”
I.7.20. He brings their heads together and sprinkles them with water from the pot.
I.7.21. They spend that night in the house of an elderly Brāhmaṇa woman whose husband and children are living.
I.7.22. After seeing Dhruva, Arundhatī and the Seven Ṛṣis, he breaks his silence: “May I obtain offspring with my wife living.”
General handbook reading guidance
Reading orientation: I.7.1–2 recognizes regional and village customs before introducing its sequence. I.7.3–5 concerns hand-taking; 6–15 places movement, the stone and grain offerings in a particular ritual setting.
I.7.19 contains seven steps, friendship at the seventh, and ensuing requests concerning sons. Keep that gendered wording visible. These are historical textual elements, not newly composed mutual vows or universal family obligations.
Ancient source text. English below is general handbook guidance, not a certified translation or a guru’s teaching. Specialist review remains pending.
Read the original Sanskrit
Original Sanskrit · Devanāgarī
अथ खलूच्चावचा जनपदधर्मा ग्रामधर्माश्च तान्विवाहे प्रतीयात् १
यत्तु समानं तद्वक्ष्यामः २
पश्चादग्नेर्दृषदमश्मानं प्रतिष्ठाप्योत्तरपुरस्तादुदकुम्भं समन्वारब्धायां हुत्वा तिष्ठन् प्रत्यङ्मुखः प्राङ्मुख्या आसीनाया गृह्णामि ते सौभगत्वाय हस्तमित्यङ्गुष्ठमेव गृह्णीयाद्यदि कामयीत पुमांस एव मे पुत्रा जायेरन्निति ३
अङ्गुलीरेव स्त्रीकामः ४
रोमान्ते हस्तं साङ्गुष्ठमुभयकामः ५
प्रदक्षिणमग्निमुदकुम्भञ्च त्रिः परिणयञ्जपति । अमोऽहमस्मि सा त्वं सा त्वमस्यमोऽहं द्यौरहं पृथिवी त्वं सामाहमृक्त्वं तावेह विवहावहै प्रजां प्रजनयावहै सम्प्रियौ रोचिष्णू सुमनस्यमानौ जीवेव शरदः शतमिति ६
परिणीय परिणीयाश्मानमारोहयतीममश्मानमारोहाश्मेव त्वं स्थिरा भव । सहस्व पृतनायतोऽभितिष्ठ प्रतन्यत इति ७
वध्वञ्जला उपस्तीर्य भ्राता भ्रातृस्थानो वा द्विर्लाजानावपति ८
त्रिर्जामदग्न्यानाम् ९
प्रत्यभिघार्य हविः १०
अवत्तञ्च ११
एषोऽवदानधर्मः १२
अर्यमणं नु देवं कन्या अग्निमयक्षत स इमां देवो अर्यमा प्रेतो मुञ्चातु नामुतः स्वाहा । वरुणं नु देवं कन्या अग्निमयक्षत स इमां देवो वरुणः प्रेतो मुञ्चातु नामुतः स्वाहा । पूषणं नु देवं कन्या अग्निमयक्षत स इमां देवः पूषा प्रेतो मुञ्चातुनामुतः स्वाहेत्यविच्छिन्दत्यञ्जलिं स्रुचेव जुहुयात् १३
अपरिणीय शूर्पपुटेनाभ्यात्मं तूष्णीं चतुर्थम् १४
ओप्योप्य हैके लाजान्परिणयन्ति तथोत्तमे आहुती न सन्निपततः १५
अथास्यै शिखे विमुञ्चति यदि कृते भवतः १६
ऊर्णास्तुके केशपक्षयोर्बद्धे भवतः । प्र त्वा मुञ्चामि वरुणस्य पाशादिति १७
उत्तरामुत्तरया १८
अथैनामपराजितायान्दिशि सप्तपदान्यभ्युत्क्रामयतीष एकपद्यूर्जे द्विपदी रायस्पोषाय त्रिपदी मायोभव्याय चतुष्पदी प्रजाभ्यः पञ्चपद्यृतुभ्यः षट्पदी सखा सप्तपदी भव सा मामनुव्रता भव पुत्रान्विन्दावहै बहूंस्ते सन्तु जरदष्टय इति १९
उभयोः सन्निधाय शिरसी उदकुम्भेनावसिच्य २०
ब्राह्मण्याश्च वृद्धाया जीवपत्न्या जीवप्रजाया अगार एतां रात्रिं वसेत् २१
ध्रुवमरुन्धतीं सप्तऋषीनिति दृष्ट्वा वाचं विसृजेत जीवपत्नीं प्रजां विन्देयेति २२
Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtra I.8 (complete selected section; Sanskrit witness)
Read the English rendering below; its translator and review status are identified.
Reference: Original Sanskrit text; Original Sanskrit text with separately labeled English translation and general handbook reading guidance. Check the cited passage or chapter →
English translation of the original passage shown · provisional handbook rendering
English source: Handbook editorial translation — provisional; Direct English rendering of the identified original text; specialist review pending. Check the English source →
Provisional handbook translation from the identified original. It has not been independently reviewed by a Sanskrit specialist and is not attributed to a guru or scholar. Square brackets mark supplied context.
I.8.1. When the journey is ready, he has her mount the vehicle with “May Pūṣan lead you from here, taking your hand.”
I.8.2. He has her board a boat with the half-verse beginning “The stony river flows; take hold together.”
I.8.3. With the following [half-verse], he has her disembark.
I.8.4. If she weeps, [he recites the verse beginning] “The living one weeps.”
I.8.5. They carry the marriage fire ahead without allowing it to go out.
I.8.6. At auspicious places, trees and crossroads, he recites “May the waylayers not find [us].”
I.8.7. At each stopping place he addresses those looking on with “This bride is auspicious.”
I.8.8. He has her enter the house with “Here may what is dear to you prosper through offspring.”
I.8.9. Having tended the marriage fire, he spreads a bull’s hide behind it, its neck toward the east and hair upward. When she is seated on it and in ritual contact with him, he offers once for each of four verses beginning “May Prajāpati produce offspring for us.” With “May all the gods join [us],” he tastes curds and gives them to her, or anoints her heart with the remaining ghee.
I.8.10. They eat food without alkaline seasoning or salt, remain sexually abstinent, refrain from adornment and sleep on the ground.
I.8.11. From this time [the observance lasts] three nights or twelve nights.
I.8.12. Or a year: “Then a Ṛṣi is born,” [the text says].
I.8.13. When the observance is completed, he gives the bride’s garment to someone who knows the Sūryā hymn.
I.8.14. [He gives] food to Brāhmaṇas.
I.8.15. Then he has a blessing for well-being recited.
General handbook reading guidance
Reading orientation: I.8 moves from the journey to entering the household and later actions. Identify the spoken formula separately from the action that introduces it. I.8.9 contains the prayer for joined hearts within that setting. This page does not prescribe a present-day ceremony sequence.
Ancient source text. English below is general handbook guidance, not a certified translation or a guru’s teaching. Specialist review remains pending.
Read the original Sanskrit
Original Sanskrit · Devanāgarī
प्रयाण उपपद्यमाने पूषा त्वेतो नयतु हस्तगृह्येति यानमारोहयेत् १
अश्मन्वतीरीयते संरभध्वमित्यर्द्धर्चेन नावमारोहयेत् २
उत्तरेणोक्त्रमयेत् ३
जीवं रुदन्तीति रुदत्याम् ४
विवाहाग्निमग्रतोऽजस्रन्नयन्ति ५
कल्याणेषु देशवृक्षचतुष्पथेषु माविदन्परिपन्थिन इति जपेत् ६
वासेवासे सुमङ्गलीरियं वधूरितीक्षकानीक्षेत ७
इह प्रियं प्रजया ते समृध्यतामिति गृहं प्रवेशयेत् ८
विवाहाग्निमुपसमाधाय पश्चादस्यानडुहं चर्मास्तीर्य प्राग्ग्रीवमुत्तरलोम तस्मिन्नुपविष्टायां समन्वारब्धायाम् आ नः प्रजां जनयतु प्रजापतिरिति चतसृभिः प्रत्यृचं हुत्वा समञ्जन्तु विश्वेदेवा इति दध्नः प्राश्य प्रतिप्रयच्छेदाज्यशेषेण वानक्ति हृदये ९
अक्षारालवणाशिनौ ब्रह्मचारिणावलंकुर्वाणावधःशायिनौ स्याताम् १०
अत ऊर्द्ध्वं त्रिरात्रं द्वादशरात्रम् ११
संवत्सरं वैक ऋषिर्जायत इति १२
चरितव्रतः सूर्याविदे वधूवस्त्रं दद्यात् १३
अन्नं ब्राह्मणेभ्यः १४
अथ स्वस्त्ययनं वाचयीत १५
Ṛgveda 10.85.24–27, 32–33, 36, 43–47
Read the English rendering below; its translator and review status are identified.
Reference: Original Sanskrit text; Original Sanskrit text with separately labeled English translation and general handbook reading guidance. Check the cited passage or chapter →
English translation of the original passage shown · provisional handbook rendering
English source: Handbook editorial translation — provisional; Direct English rendering of the identified original text; specialist review pending. Check the English source →
Provisional handbook translation from the identified original. It has not been independently reviewed by a Sanskrit specialist and is not attributed to a guru or scholar. Square brackets mark supplied context.
10.85.24. I release you from Varuṇa’s bond, with which kindly Savitṛ bound you. In the abode of sacred order, in the world of good action, I place you unharmed together with your husband.
10.85.25. I release you from here, not from there; I make you firmly bound there, so that, generous Indra, she may be fortunate and have good sons.
10.85.26. May Pūṣan lead you from here, taking your hand; may the Aśvins carry you in their chariot. Go to the house to become its mistress; having authority, address the household assembly.
10.85.27. Here may what is dear to you prosper through offspring. In this house, be watchful over household life. Unite your body with this husband; then, growing old, both of you shall address the assembly.
10.85.32. May the waylayers who lie in wait for the married pair not find them. By easy paths may the pair cross the difficult place; may hostile powers run away.
10.85.33. This bride is auspicious. Gather and look upon her. Having given her good fortune, then go separately to your homes.
10.85.36. I take your hand for good fortune, so that with me as your husband you may reach old age. Bhaga, Aryaman, Savitṛ and Puraṃdhi—the gods—have given you to me for household life.
10.85.43. May Prajāpati produce offspring for us; may Aryaman join us until old age. Free from ill fortune, enter your husband’s household. Bring well-being to our two-footed and four-footed beings.
10.85.44. Be without a fearsome look; do not bring death to your husband. Be kind to the animals, good-minded and radiant, bearing strong sons, devoted to the gods and bringing comfort. Bring well-being to our two-footed and four-footed beings.
10.85.45. Generous Indra, make her fortunate and the mother of good sons. Place ten sons in her; make her husband the eleventh.
10.85.46. Be a queen with your father-in-law; be a queen with your mother-in-law; be a queen with your husband’s sister; be a queen over your husband’s brothers.
10.85.47. May all the gods join our hearts; may the waters join our hearts. May Mātariśvan, Dhātā and Deṣṭrī bring us together.
General handbook reading guidance
General reading orientation: the selected verses belong to the Sūryā wedding hymn. Keep departure, arrival, hand-taking, household relationships and divine invocations in their own verse settings.
Verse 36 joins hand-taking with an address concerning married life and named deities. Verse 47 invokes the joining of hearts. Gendered and offspring-oriented expressions elsewhere in the selection remain part of the original, not universal obligations imposed by this handbook.
Ancient source text. English below is general handbook guidance, not a certified translation or a guru’s teaching. Specialist review remains pending.
Read the original Sanskrit
Ṛgveda 10.85.24 · Sanskrit in transliteration
prá tvā muñcāmi váruṇasya pā́śād
yéna tvā́badhnāt savitā́ suśévaḥ
r̥tásya yónau sukr̥tásya loké
áriṣṭāṃ tvā sahá pátyā dadhāmi
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.25 · Sanskrit in transliteration
prétó muñcā́mi nā́mútaḥ
subaddhā́m amútas karam
yátheyám indra mīḍhuvaḥ
suputrā́ subhágā́sati
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.26 · Sanskrit in transliteration
pūṣā́ tvetó nayatu hastagŕ̥hya
aśvínā tvā prá vahatāṃ ráthena
gr̥hā́n gacha gr̥hápatnī yáthā́so
vaśínī tváṃ vidátham ā́ vadāsi
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.27 · Sanskrit in transliteration
ihá priyám prajáyā te sám r̥dhyatām
asmín gr̥hé gā́rhapatyāya jāgr̥hi
enā́ pátyā tanúvaṃ sáṃ sr̥jasva
ádhā jívrī vidátham ā́ vadāthaḥ
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.32 · Sanskrit in transliteration
mā́ vidan paripanthíno
yá āsī́danti dámpatī
sugébhir durgám átītām
ápa drāntu árātayaḥ
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.33 · Sanskrit in transliteration
sumaṅgalī́r iyáṃ vadhū́r
imā́ṃ saméta páśyata
saúbhāgyam asyai dattvā́ya
áthā́staṃ ví páretana
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.36 · Sanskrit in transliteration
gr̥bhṇā́mi te saubhagatvā́ya hástam
máyā pátyā jarádaṣṭir yáthā́saḥ
bhágo aryamā́ savitā́ púraṃdhir
máhyaṃ tvādur gā́rhapatyāya devā́ḥ
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.43 · Sanskrit in transliteration
ā́ naḥ prajā́ṃ janayatu prajā́patir
ājarasā́ya sám anaktu aryamā́
ádurmaṅgalīḥ patilokám ā́ viśa
śáṃ no bhava dvipáde śáṃ cátuṣpade
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.44 · Sanskrit in transliteration
ághoracakṣur ápatighnī edhi
śivā́ paśúbhyaḥ sumánāḥ suvárcāḥ
vīrasū́r · devákāmā siyonā́
śáṃ no bhava dvipáde śáṃ cátuṣpade
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.45 · Sanskrit in transliteration
imā́ṃ tvám indra mīḍhuvaḥ
suputrā́ṃ subhágāṃ kr̥ṇu
dáśāsyām putrā́n ā́ dhehi
pátim ekādaśáṃ kr̥dhi
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.46 · Sanskrit in transliteration
samrā́jñī śváśure bhava
samrā́jñī śvaśruvā́m bhava
nánāndari samrā́jñī bhava
samrā́jñī ádhi devŕ̥ṣu
Check this original verse →
Ṛgveda 10.85.47 · Sanskrit in transliteration
sám añjantu víśve devā́ḥ
sám ā́po hŕ̥dayāni nau
sám mātaríśvā sáṃ dhātā́
sám u déṣṭrī dadhātu nau
Check this original verse →