Foundations
A working glossary.
Short definitions for terms that recur across the handbook. These are orientation aids, not attempts to collapse complex Sanskrit words into a single English equivalent.
Āratī / Ārati
A devotional offering of light performed in many Hindu settings. The form, sequence and accompanying songs vary by community and occasion.
Dharma
A broad Sanskrit term whose meaning depends heavily on context. It can refer to duty, order, conduct, teaching, law, or the principles that sustain a way of life.
Gṛhya Sūtra
A class of Sanskrit ritual texts concerned with domestic rites and household observances. Hindu Handbook names the specific Gṛhya Sūtra when relying on one.
Mantra
A sacred utterance or formula used in ritual, contemplation, recitation or worship. Not every Sanskrit verse is automatically a mantra in every context.
Pūjā
A form of worship or reverential offering. Its structure can range from a simple home practice to an elaborate temple or festival rite.
Saṃskāra
A rite of passage or life-cycle observance. Textual lists and living practice are not identical across all Hindu communities.
Śloka
A verse, often referring to a metrical Sanskrit verse. The term describes form more than ritual function.
Stotra
A hymn or text of praise, usually directed to a deity or sacred figure. Stotras vary widely in date, authorship, style and use.
Upaniṣad
A large and diverse body of Sanskrit texts associated with reflection on ultimate reality, self, knowledge and liberation. Different Upaniṣads belong to different periods and textual traditions.
Veda
The foundational corpus of Vedic revelation, traditionally transmitted in multiple recensional traditions. When quoting Vedic material, the handbook identifies the specific text and passage.
Yajña
A sacrificial or offering rite, especially in Vedic and ritual contexts. The term covers a range of practices and should not be reduced to a single modern form.
Saṅkalpa
A statement of intention or resolve used in many ritual settings. Its wording and ritual placement vary across traditions.
Editorial note: definitions will continue to gain source notes and context as the handbook grows.